Scotland is renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and rich history, and nothing captures this heritage quite like its medieval castles. These awe-inspiring structures are scattered across the countryside, standing as timeless monuments to centuries of war, royalty, and legend. The top ten medieval castles to tour in Scotland offer a fascinating look into the country’s storied past and provide unforgettable experiences for visitors seeking historical travel destinations.
From towering fortresses perched on cliffs to romantic ruins nestled in the Highlands, these castles showcase a variety of architectural styles, defensive features, and royal connections. Touring these medieval castles allows travelers to walk through centuries-old halls, climb ancient towers, and witness the grandeur of Scottish craftsmanship from the Middle Ages. Many of these castles also offer scenic views, guided tours, and interactive exhibits that bring history to life.
Whether it is the mighty Stirling Castle with its regal presence or the mysterious Dunnottar Castle overlooking the North Sea, each location has its own unique story. Visitors can explore dungeons, royal chambers, and battlefields while learning about Scottish kings, clan feuds, and epic sieges. This guide to the top ten medieval castles in Scotland is ideal for those planning historical tours, cultural adventures, or simply looking to experience the magic of medieval Scotland.
Top Ten Medieval Castles To Tour In Scotland In 2025
10. Rothesay Castle
Rothesay Castle, with its distinctive circular curtain wall, dates back to the early 1200s, built by the Stewarts to secure their territory on the Isle of Bute. Twice besieged by Norse forces in 1230 and 1263, the castle’s thick sandstone walls and sturdy towers stood firm . By the 15th century, royal enhancements included a grand gatehouse and courtyard chapel. Although it fell into decay by the 17th century, 19th‑century restoration brought it back to life. Today visitors explore the ramparts, towers, and chapel ruins, soaking in panoramic sea views. The site is open from April through September daily, and still welcomes guests on select days wintertime .
9. Urquhart Castle
Perched on the banks of Loch Ness, Urquhart Castle has roots stretching into the early medieval era, with archaeological finds dating to the 5th century . It became a strategic stronghold in the Wars of Independence, repeatedly seized by Scottish and English forces. Today, its evocative ruins include the Grant Tower and surviving halls, set against the deep waters of the loch. Interpretation displays help bring its turbulent past to life. Visitors enjoy wandering the grounds, imagining ancient life beside perhaps the world’s most famous lake, making it a top choice for historical sightseeing in the Highlands .
8. Bothwell Castle
Built in the 13th century above the River Clyde to guard a vital crossing, Bothwell Castle is one of medieval Scotland’s largest fortresses . Its massive cylindrical donjon, later additions, and curtain walls reflect its importance during the Wars of Independence, including a siege by Edward I in 1301 . Though now a ruin, the scale and layout remain impressive. Visitors can explore the remains, spot carved symbols such as the Douglas heart, and even graffiti said to be carved by David Livingstone. Located just southeast of Glasgow, it’s an accessible day trip for anyone wanting to trace Scotland’s medieval martial heritage.
7. Castle Stalker
Towering on a tidal islet in Loch Laich, Castle Stalker is a striking four‑storey medieval tower house dating to the 14th–15th centuries . Accessible only by boat, its dramatic location adds to the romance of exploring its small chambers, spiral staircases, and defensive arrow loops. Though privately owned and open only limited days, tours reveal its medieval character and connection to clan rivalries. Castle Stalker embodies the blend of isolation, defence, and scenic beauty that defines many of Scotland’s remote medieval holds.
6. Blackness Castle
Described as the ship that never sailed, Blackness Castle was built in the mid‑15th century to guard access up the Firth of Forth . Its long walls and towers resemble a vessel pointing seaward. Visitors can walk the pier, climb towers for sea views, and explore cramped dungeons and guardhouses. Featured in Outlander, its cinematic appeal strengthens its draw . A dramatic site for medieval coastal defence, it offers insight into military architecture and everyday garrison life by the water.
5. Doune Castle
Doune Castle, constructed in the late 14th century by Robert Stewart, is remarkably intact and retains nearly all of its medieval structure . The majestic gatehouse, courtyard, great hall, and chapel remain largely unchanged. It gained pop‑culture fame through Monty Python and the Holy Grail, Outlaw King, and Game of Thrones . Visitors enjoy immersive tours of its medieval architecture alongside its modern screen legacy. Situated near Stirling, it offers easy access and a step back into a medieval court and fortress.
4. Eilean Donan Castle
Set dramatically where three sea lochs meet and linked to the mainland by a stone bridge, Eilean Donan began in the 13th century to defend against Viking raids . Destroyed in the 1719 Jacobite rising, it remained in ruin until its romantic 20th‑century restoration . The restored interiors, including Great Hall and main keep, impress visitors, while the setting offers one of the most photographed images of Scotland . Its appearance in films such as Highlander and Rob Roy adds to its cultural allure .
3. Dunnottar Castle
Perched atop a 160‑foot cliff overlooking the North Sea, Dunnottar has stood since the 13th century as a key defensive site . Known for safeguarding the Scottish Crown Jewels during Cromwell’s invasion, its ruined gatehouse, towers, and chambers still draw visitors into its stories of royal intrigue . Located near Stonehaven, it makes a dramatic and photogenic day trip, where visitors explore paths around the headland and absorb coastal resonance with Scotland’s storied past.
2. Stirling Castle
Regarded as one of the most strategically important and architecturally significant castles in Scotland, Stirling Castle crowns a volcanic crag above the River Forth . With foundations from the early 12th century, its current structures date mainly from 1490 to 1600, built by James IV, James V, and James VI. It served as royal residence, crowning site for Mary Queen of Scots, and key defensive fortress during multiple sieges . Today it features restored Royal Palace, Great Hall, and tapestry studio, offering immersive historical insight with panoramic views and costumed interpretation.
1. Edinburgh Castle
Dominating the skyline atop Castle Rock, Edinburgh Castle is Scotland’s most iconic medieval fortress . Evidence of a royal castle dates from the 11th century, and significant medieval structures remain, including St Margaret’s Chapel, Crown Jewels, Great Hall, and ancient battlements . It played a central role in the Wars of Independence, endured at least 17 sieges, and now houses the One O’Clock Gun . As Scotland’s premier visitor attraction with millions of annual guests, it offers sweeping vistas of the Old and New Towns, combining medieval heritage with vibrant cultural presence.
